Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder, and one of the most important, because it is a major and highly treatable cause of stroke. Understanding AF helps you recognise it early and act on it.
What is atrial fibrillation?
In a healthy heart, the upper chambers (the atria) beat in a coordinated rhythm with the lower chambers. In AF, the atria beat chaotically and irregularly. This can allow blood to pool and form clots, which is why AF significantly raises stroke risk.
What does atrial fibrillation feel like?
Many people notice an irregular or racing heartbeat, breathlessness, tiredness or light-headedness. Importantly, some people have no symptoms at all, known as silent AF, which is why anyone with stroke risk factors should have their heart rhythm checked.
How is atrial fibrillation diagnosed?
AF is confirmed with an electrocardiogram (ECG). Because episodes can come and go, longer monitoring with an ambulatory ECG or an implantable loop recorder may be needed to catch it.
How is atrial fibrillation treated?
Treatment has three goals: controlling the heart rate, restoring a normal rhythm where appropriate, and, crucially, reducing stroke risk with anticoagulation. For many patients, catheter ablation offers an effective, long-term solution. A cardiac electrophysiologist is the specialist best placed to guide this.
The takeaway
Atrial fibrillation is common, treatable, and worth taking seriously. If you notice an irregular heartbeat, or have risk factors for stroke, a simple heart-rhythm check is a wise step.
